In this paper we examined the behaviour of private investment in the IRANIAN AGRICULTURE. The desired level of capital stock is considered to be a behavioural outcome of objective of maximizing the net return over time, or the net percent value. Assuming C-D production function we used investment function model derived by Gandhi. Regarding that the model had a linear and a non-linear component a non - linear estimation procedure was used. One of the difficulties we faced in this study was unclear or inaccurate statistical data available on capital stock. Almost for all the empirical researches, aiming to estimate the capital stock in Iran, especially for the main economic sectors, lack of data on the net investment or the Rate of Depreciation of fixed capital (RDFC) is a major problem. In this paper, we used method suggested by kiani and Boghosian (1997) for estimation of RDFCs, and the time series of capital stock for the agricultural sector of the IRANIAN economy.

In Iran, AGRICULTURE is the largest production sector after oil and services that has allocated around 20 present of Gross national product and main share of non oil export to it. Moreover it is a location for employment of large number of country population. So growth of this sector can determine country growth notably. Infrastructure investment is one of the factors that can increase productivity in AGRICULTURE by increasing labor, capital and other inputs performance .This study surveys effects of public infrastructure investment on agricultural productivity growth in Iran for period 1350- 1382 and for this purpose, uses government's development expenditures in agricultural sector as a proxy of agricultural infrastructural investment. In this research, the dual manner and Translog cost function has used. These models were estimated through the Seemingly Unrelated Regression System and the Maximum Entropy models. Estimating of cost elasticity respect to infrastructure investment indicate on the negative and significant effect of infrastructure investment on production cost in AGRICULTURE sector. Moreover, result of productivity growth's decomposition to scale, tec1mical,infrastructure and human investment effects, showed that after technical change, public infrastructure In Iran, AGRICULTURE is the largest production sector after oil and services that has allocated around 20 present of Gross national product and main share of non oil export to it. Moreover it is a location for employment of large number of country population. So growth of this sector can determine country growth notably. Infrastructure investment is one of the factors that can increase productivity in AGRICULTURE by increasing labor, capital and other inputs performance. This study surveys effects of public infrastructure investment on agricultural productivity growth in Iran for period 1350- 1382 and for this purpose, uses government's development expenditures in agricultural sector as a proxy of agricultural infrastructural investment. In this research, the dual marmer and Translog cost function has used. These models were estimated through the Seemingly Unrelated Regression System and the Maximum Entropy models. Estimating of cost elasticity respect to infrastructure investment indicate on the negative and significant effect of infrastructure investment on production cost in AGRICULTURE sector. Moreover, result of productivity growth's decomposition to scale, tec1mical,infrastructure and human investment effects, showed that after technical change, public infrastructure investment is the most important factor in increasing of agricultural productivity growth.

Objective of this study is to investigate impact of globalization of economy on agricultural value added. To get the objective conventional indices, including Integration of International Trade (TIT), Level of International Trade (LIT) as well as Export - GDP (EXG) ratio were used. Study horizon covers (1981- 2004). Regarding the variables with stationary characteristics, Ordinary Least Square was applied. The results showed that IRANIAN AGRICULTURE economy is positively related with global economy, since the coefficient of all indices were obtained positive, being statistically significant in the case of IIT and EXG. The results indicated that IRANIAN AGRICULTURE sector is in line with trade liberalization and is affected positively by global process.

About 48 scholarly journals are published in Iran in the area of AGRICULTURE and related fields which are responsible for the scientific communication among IRANIAN researchers and scientists of the area. The present research aimed to examine the accessibility degree of these journals on the web. The results show that these 48 journals have published 1921 issues by the end of March 2007. about 31% of these issues have been converted into electronic form (19% in full text form and 11.9% as abstract) and are available through the internet. While 30 publishers have provided direct access to their journals (through their independent or affiliated websites), 11 publishers have made available indirect access to their journals through some mediator websites. The results also indicate that the journals that came into existence in recent years tend to make their content available in electronic form. Almost none of the preceding issues of 1997 have been converted into electronic form. According to the findings of this survey, the number of issues providing full text papers has gradually increased. On the other hand, a review of the journals’ websites also shows that about 60% of them are up to date, 89% of them have an archive of their previous issues, and 57% of the journals provide their users with search/ browse facilities.

In this paper by using the last input-output table in Iran (2001) that has aggregated to 4 sectors, importance of AGRICULTURE sector surveys among other sectors. For this reason it is used MVA method, backward and forward linkages and input – output elasticity. The results indicate to eliminate industry sector, AGRICULTURE's output decrease 8.69% and by elimination AGRICULTURE sector, industry’s output decrease 8.93%. Hence there is a reciprocal relation between these two sectors, and AGRICULTURE and industry sectors don’t growth alone. By using forward linkage AGRICULTURE is key sector and by using backward linkage this sector is in the second rank. Furthermore in (1988-2001) period linkage between industry and oil sectors to AGRICULTURE has increased and depending to 3 other sectors has decreased.

AGRICULTURE productions are dependent to fossil fuels and other energy resources. Any damage in providing energy in AGRICULTURE sector has significant effect on its output productivity. Statistics show that the total amount of energy consumption in the AGRICULTURE sector during 1370-1388 has increased from 1.33 million barrels of crude oil to 4.43 (equivalent to 1.3 times higher). Petroleum products are the main sources of energy consumed in this sector. In this paper, in order to forecast the energy consumption, value added of AGRICULTURE sector by an ARIMA model has been calculated. Then based on the average energy intensity in existing situation (7.0) and future years we forecasted three scenarios for energy consumption (One favorable and two unfavorable scenarios) up to 1410. High-energy intensity will create social costs and damages to environmental via emission of greenhouse gases. Subsidy payment to energy consumption has led to vulnerability to environmental problem. In order to optimize the energy consumption and reduce its intensity in the agricultural sector different strategies should be considered such as decreased in the use of fossil energy and using new energies.

The main purpose of this study is to appraisal of IRANIAN AGRICULTURE job-creation and its sub-sectors potentials during 1962- 2004. For a variety of reasons, including the decline in AGRICULTURE value added share in GDP, the growth of service sector employment, expansion of information technology, enhancing factors productivity, and rise in educated labor force, the structural changes in production and employment is inevitable. The share of AGRICULTURE employment in total of employment has decreased since1956 (65 percent in 1956 to 22.7 in 2006). The hypothesis of this paper is that AGRICULTURE potential to job-creation is lesser than manufacturing and service sectors. The demand elasticity of labor force with respect to technology changing, value added, area harvested and capital accumulation estimated using VAR approach reveals significant but low parameters. Based these findings, it is recommended to policymakers to take a new policy to expand complementary investment to create jobs in AGRICULTURE sector.The government complementary investment in AGRICULTURE sector and youth empowerment, women and men by technical training especially in rural area, can affect on enhancing absorption labor force to keep sustainable employment rate in this sector.

One of the structural problems of the AGRICULTURE sector in Iran is the flows of capital from this sector to the other sectors. On the other hand, the government's agricultural protective policies have not been able to reduce the magnitude of these flows. Using a version of the permanent income theory, the paper seeks to analyze the determinants of capital flows from the agricultural sector in Iran. The empirical results of the paper show that increases in the permanent incomes of the agricultural and industrial sectors have positive effects on capital formation in the former. However, increases in the permanent income of the service sector will draw capital out from the agricultural sector to the service sector.

Living in today complicated world is associated with risks. Certainly, inventions of goods (which are the result of new technology) have been accompanied by welfare; but there is also dangers with them, which threat the human's life and properties. Product Liability Insurance is a branch of liability insurance which insurer covers the liability of producer and seller of defective and injurious products, against the person who incurs a loss. Development of technology and increasing production of industrial goods, domestic necessities, consumer goods and hygienic materials, etc put customers' life in serious risk, which causes the importance of studying the legal dimensions of producer. In the current era more than any other time, economic and social relations, social treaties, techniques, data systems and working conditions are changing and in any moment, new phenomenon are formed in various fields of human life and various type of civil liability will appear which in this direction, Product and Producers Liability Insurance play an important role as a strategy to develop the regularity, adopting the liability, modifying the social relations, create and maintenance of peace in society.